Interleukin-10 containing normal human serum inhibits granzyme B release but not perforin release from alloreactive and EBV-specific T cell clones

Interleukin-10 (IL-10), also known as cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor, has pleiotropic effects in immunoregulation and inflammation. It is capable of inhibiting synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines like interferon γ (IFNγ), IL-2, IL-3, tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) made by cells such as macrophages and T helper Type 1 cells. We observed that normal human serum, derived from a healthy individual but containing large amounts of IL-10 (arbitrarily designated as "IL-10 serum"), inhibited cytotoxic activity and interfered with granzyme B release from alloreactive cytotoxic T cell (CTL) clones _in vitro_, but did not affect perforin release. The addition of normal human serum containing high levels of anti-IL-10 IgG (arbitrarily designated as "anti-IL-10 IgG serum") neutralized the inhibitory effects of IL-10 serum. Moreover, we have identified that cytotoxic activity and granzyme B release from an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific CTL clone was similarly inhibited in the presence of IL-10 serum, while perforin release was unaffected. Anti-IL-10 IgG serum also appeared to neutralize the inhibitory effect of IL-10 serum on an EBV-specific CTL clone

Relationship between deformation and stability switching in amorphous metal : local lattice instability analysis

We have attempted to comprehend the deformation behavior of amorphous metals by the local lattice instability analysis that discusses the positiveness of atomic elastic stiffness coefficients, Bα ij, or the second-order derivatives of atomic energy composition. In the present study, we discuss the stability-switching, or transitions between detBα ij ≥ 0 and detBα ij < 0, by the “probabilistic” fluctuation and the “deterministic” mechanical load. No-load equilibrium, tension, compression and simple shear are performed on an amorphous nickel by molecular dynamics simulations. The positive and negative stability-switching, or “stabilization” and “destabilization”, occur due to the “probabilistic” fluctuation even at the equilibrium state. The number of detBα ij < 0 atoms shows almost constant while the distribution of detBα ij < 0 atoms indicates different morphology at each observation time. Ratios of switched atoms with stability-switching under tension, compression and shear are larger than that under the equilibrium because the local structural relaxation produces simultaneously both positive and negative stabilityswitching. Atoms with negative and positive stability-switching show increases and decreases of atomic volume, respectively; while only positive switching shows the decreases in local volumes, evaluated with the atomic volumes of surrounding atoms within the cutoff radius, according to the incidence of “deterministic” structural changes

Performance of a Steel Sheet-Pile Barrier against Ground Vibration Originating in Railway Traffics

In order to develop an effective and practical isolation method against ground vibrations caused by running trains, the authors tried to apply sheet pile walls beside of real railway tracks. Field tests were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of this countermeasure for reducing the ground vibrations. An estimation method for vibration reduction by sheet pile walls is presented, being based on FEM simulation analysi

Evaluation Methods for the Measurement of Lower Leg Edema in Healthy Young Adults

Background: In recent years, objective quantitative evaluations have become particularly important. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations are also available for edema. It is thought that the technical problem of quantitative evaluation can be solved by using a simple and reproducible method. Several studies have evaluated various methods for measuring edema. Limitations, such as weaknesses, measurement complexity, and errors, have been identified. Therefore, this study aimed to consider a simple and effective measurement method for the quantitative evaluation of edema. Methods: This study was a prospective, observational study. The subjects were 15 healthy adults (2 male and 13 female). Measurements were performed on the subjects’ right lower leg once in the morning and once in the afternoon, with a minimum interval of 4 hours. Results: The actual volume of the lower leg was correlated with all indices except the ultrasonic echo findings for subcutaneous tissue. The intra-subject and inter-subject reliabilities for the indices using digital images were very high. The lower leg volume was greater significantly in the afternoon from the morning. Conclusion: The leg circumference was measured by utilizing a tape, while the width and volume were measured by utilizing digital imaging suitable for quantitatively evaluating edema. Furthermore, swelling of the lower leg with time can occur in the absence of daily exercise

Congestion pricing for air pollution reduction : environmental evaluation of pollution-adjusted-rate pricing and comparison with other strategies

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1996.Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-124).by Masahiro Nishimura.M.C.P

Synthesis of Dibenzophospholes by Tf₂O-Mediated Intramolecular Phospha-Friedel-Crafts-Type Reaction

A Tf₂O-mediated intramolecular phospha-Friedel–Crafts-type reaction of secondary biarylphosphine oxides has been developed. The reaction is promoted simply by Tf₂O to form the corresponding dibenzophospholes under metal-free conditions. The starting substrates are readily available and easy-to-handle phosphine oxides, and the regioselectivity is controlled by the innate electronic nature. Thus, this newly developed protocol can provide concise and complementary approach to the highly π-conjugated dibenzophospholes of potent interest in material chemistry.Nishimura K., Hirano K., Miura M.. Synthesis of Dibenzophospholes by Tf₂O-Mediated Intramolecular Phospha-Friedel-Crafts-Type Reaction. Organic Letters. 21(5), 1467-1470 (2019), 1 March 2019; © 2019 American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00219

Direct Synthesis of Dibenzophospholes from Biaryls by Double C-P Bond Formation via Phosphenium Dication Equivalents

We have developed a new strategy for the generation of phosphenium dication equivalents from readily available phosphinic acids and Tf2O. The in situ-generated dication equivalents can be readily coupled with simple (hetero)biaryls to form the corresponding dibenzophospholes directly. This protocol can also be applied to the concise synthesis of six- A nd seven-membered phosphacycles as well as the largely Ï-extended heteroacene derivatives, which are of great interest in the field of organic functional materials.Nishimura K., Hirano K., Miura M.. Direct Synthesis of Dibenzophospholes from Biaryls by Double C-P Bond Formation via Phosphenium Dication Equivalents. Organic Letters. 22(8), 3185-3189, (2020), 17 April 2020; © 2020 American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00944

Candidates Cell Sources to Regenerate Alveolar Bone from Oral Tissue

Most of the cases of dental implant surgery, especially the bone defect extensively, are essential for alveolar ridge augmentation. As known as cell therapy exerts valuable effects on bone regeneration, numerous reports using various cells from body to regenerate bone have been published, including clinical reports. Mesenchymal cells that have osteogenic activity and have potential to be harvested from intra oral site might be a candidate cells to regenerate alveolar bone, even dentists have not been harvested the cells outside of mouth. This paper presents a summary of somatic cells in edentulous tissues which could subserve alveolar bone regeneration. The candidate tissues that might have differentiation potential as mesenchymal cells for bone regeneration are alveolar bone chip, bone marrow from alveolar bone, periosteal tissue, and gingival tissue. Understanding their phenotype consecutively will provide a rational approach for alveolar ridge augmentation

Mesenteric follicular lymphoma

When you see a patient with solid mesenteric tumors, malignant lymphoma should be considered as an important differential diagnosis. It is essential to include abdominal CT and F-18-FDG PET/CT examinations in these patients for early diagnosis of malignant lymphoma, giving extra weight on patients' complaints